高中定语从句讲解

高中定语从句的学习，是我们高中英语学习的一大重点。很多同学在定语从句的学习上，都会感到困难。想要做好定语从句的学习，首先要掌握好基础知识。下面是高中定语从句讲解，希望能够帮助同学们掌握定语从句的基础知识，提高对于定语从句的掌握程度。

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when,

why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often

talked about.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,

few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone

bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from

big cities.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know

what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was

born.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开

意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整

译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句

关系词的使用上A.做宾语时可省略 B。可用that

C.可用who代替whom A.不可省 B。不用that

C。不用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could

depend on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more

powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to

college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to

college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none,

little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the

world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he

owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the

meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as

引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t

believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1.定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句

2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,

where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much

money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.

同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

专项练习:

(一)

1.The place ____A_____interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which B. where C. what D. in which

2.Do you know the man ___C____?

A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

3.This is the hotel ___D____last month.

A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ___C___the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

5.That is the day __A____I'll never forget.

A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

6.The factory ___C___we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

7.Great changes have taken place since then(从此以后) in the factory __A_____we are working.

A. where B. that C. which D. there

8.This is one of the best films ___A____.

A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

9.Can you lend me the book __A____the other day?

A. about which you talked B. which you talked

C. about that you talked D. that you talked

10.The pen __A____he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of __C____sat a small boy.

(非限制性定语从句)

A. whom B. who C. which D. that

12.The engineer __D____my father works is about 50 years old.

A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ___D___family is in the country?

A. who B. who's C. which D. whose

14.I'm interested in ___A___you have said.

A. all that B. all what C. that D. which

15.I want to use the same dictionary __D____was used yesterday.

A. which B. who C. what D. as

16.He isn't such a man __D____he used to be.

A. who B. whom C. that D. as

17.He is good at English, ___B___we all know.

A. that B. as C. whom D. what

18.Li Ming, __B____to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him

19.I don't like ____C__ as you read.

A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons ____B____they remembered in the school.

A. which B. that C. whom D. what

21.The letter is from my sister, __D____is working in Beijing.

A. which B. that C. whom D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of __C__are women.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

23.You're the only person __D____I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who

24.I lost a book, ___A___I can't remember now.

A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that

25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ___A___Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what

26.I have bought such a watch ____C___ was advertised on TV.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

27.I can never forget the day ___A____ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

28.The way ___D___he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which B. whose C. what D./

29.This is the reason ___D___he didn't come to the meeting.

A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which

30.This machine, ___B___for many years, is still working perfectly.

A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after

C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after

31.The reason ___A___he didn't come was ______he was ill.

A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ___B___will make him pass the final exam.

A.that B.which C.for which D.who

33.That is not the way ___A___I do it.

A./ B.which C.for which D.with which

34.I have two grammars, __D____are of great use.

A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which

35.I want to use the same tools __C_____used in your factory a few days ago.

A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which

36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, ____B___ was very kind of them.

A. who B. which C. that D. it

37.This is the magazine ____D___ I copied the paragraph.

A. that B. which C. from that D. from which

38.He is not such a man _D______ would leave his work half done.

A. that B. which C. who D. as

39. You can depend on whatever promise ____A___ he makes.

A. / B. why C. when D. whose

40. Smoking, ___B____ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.

A. that B. which C. it D. though

41. --- Did you ask the guard __A_____ happened?

--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.

A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that

42. I shall never forget those years ____A___ I lived on the farm with

the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which

43. The number of the people who ___C____ cars _______ increasing.

A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are

44. During the days ___D_____, he worked as a servant at the Browns.

A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed

45. Is oxygen the only gas ___A____ helps fire burn?

A. that B. / C. which D. it

46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ___B____ he could see _____ was going on inside house.

A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that

47. Is __D_____ some German friends visited last week?

A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where

48. John got beaten in the game, ____A___ had been expected.

A. as B. that C. what D. who

49. I have bought two ballpens, ___C____ writes well.

A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which

50. All that can be eaten ____B___ eaten up.

A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

参考答案及解析

1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2.C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5.A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6.C. 解析同第5题。

7. A. 解析见第3题。

8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.

11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.

12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.

13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.

19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.

20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.

23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which

25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".

26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.

27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。

29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.

30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.

31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。

32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

33. A. 解释见28题.

34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.

35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.

36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

37. D.

38. D. 解析见35题.

39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.

40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.

41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.

42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.

43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。

44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。

45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。

46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。

47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。

48. A. 解释见35题。

49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。

50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

提高大家的高中定语从句解题能力，在我们的高中英语学习中是十分有必要的。以上所介绍的高中定语从句讲解，对于我们大家掌握好定语从句的基础知识会有很大的帮助。所以，希望大家都能够做好这些知识的掌握，提高自己的定语从句解题能力。